To study the carrying capacity of resource and environment in Shaanxi province, and analyzes its changing trend of carrying capacity, this paper sets up an index system from carrying capacity of economy, resource and environment. This paper also applies entropy to determine the weight of each index and TOPSIS model to study its carrying capacity of resource and environment, and calculates their grey correlation of 18 indexes with carrying capacity of resource and environment. Carrying capacity level of resource and environment descended during 2005—2008, commenced to rise in 2008—2010, slightly dropped in 2010—2013, and rose in 2013—2014, displaying a W shape. Economy and environment carrying capacity show a rising trend, but resource a falling, no more than 0.7 among their maximum values, a gap to the optimum carrying capacity. Grey correlation reveals that the six indexes have large influence over resource and environment carrying capacity in Shaanxi province, urban population proportion, crop production per capita, daily water use per capita, power consumption, urban green coverage, and added 2nd and 3rd industries proportion.